Перевод текста arc welding

Настоящее пособие предназначено для студентов 3-5 курсов английского переводческого отделения, специализирующихся в переводе текстов по сварочному производству.

В соответствии с учебным планом программа специализации рассчитана на 6 семестров. На первом ее этапе в 5 семестре (III курс) студенты всех специализаций на обширном фактическом материале знакомятся с общими лексическими и грамматическими особенностями технического перевода. В 6 семестре студенты выбирают одну из специализаций, и для углубления понимания ими сути переводимых процессов специалист в области сварки читает на русском языке краткий курс «Введение в технологию сварочного производства». Параллельно студенты начинают переводить с английского тексты. Все тексты аутентичны, заимствованы из англоязычных пособий по сварочному производству последних десятилетий и в ряде случаев лишь немного сокращены или адаптированы.

В связи с отсутствием доступных англо-русских словарей по сварке каждый текст снабжен списком основных терминов и словосочетаний. В ходе работы над английским текстом студенты выполняют ряд упражнений, направленных на активизацию новых для них технических понятий и подготовку к переводу. Упражнения частично проверяются в аудитории. Упражнения на поиск в тексте соответствий, синонимов, расшифровку сокращений и др. снимают первоначальные трудности при работе с незнакомой для студентов сферой деятельности. Когда у студентов накоплен достаточный словарный запас, он выполняют также перевод несложных текстов с русского языка. Эти тексты обычно связаны с теми же аспектами сварочного производства, которые были рассмотрены при переводе с английского, однако не являются их обратным переводом..

На старших курсах возрастает сложность переводимых текстов, сокращается количество вспомогательных упражнений..

Для контроля усвоения терминов разработана система тестовых заданий.

Настоящий сборник может также применяться для обучения студентов технических специальностей, особенно тех, кто получает дополнительную специальность «Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации»

1. Welding and cutting ……………………………………..

2. Gas tungsten arc welding………………………………..

4. Submerged arc welding…………………………………..

6. Shielded metal arc welding……………………………….

7. SMA welding equipment…………………………………

9. Gas metal arc welding…………………………………….

4. Oxy-fuel welding and cutting……………………….

5. Electron beam welding………………………………

6. Laser beam welding…………………………………

7. Resistance welding………………………………….

15. Welding defects

16. Avoiding welding defects

17. Detection of welding defects

19. Oxy-gas torches (regulators)

20. Gas hoses and valves

21. Fuels in oxy-fuel welding

22. Hazards in oxy-fuel welding

23. Oxy-acetylene welding (pre-heating)

25. Welding ferrous metals

26. Welding non-ferrous metals

28. General requirements for steel fabrication

29. Repairs, inspection and tolerances

30. Fundamentals of resistance method

31. Applications of resistance method

32. Troubles and remedies

33. Electric arc welding

36. Thermit welding

37. Requirements for welding hulls

38. Types of connections and preparation

39. Types of welding in making hulls

40. Workmanship in making hulls

41. Modifications, repairs and testing during construction

42. Special requirements

44. Personnel requirements

45. Welding procedure characteristics

46. Safety precautions in ship building

47. Oxy-acetylene welding equipment

48. Oxygen and its production

49. Arc welding equipment accessories

50. Gas metal arc welding equipment

51. Electrodes and their use

52. Tungsten electrodes

53. Electrodes and their use in AC/DC welding

54. Сварные соединения и швы

55. Подготовка деталей к сварке

57. Контактная точечная сварка

59. Автоматическая дуговая сварка

60. Дуговые автоматы

61. Сварочные флюсы

63. Сварочные горелки

Text 1. WELDING AND CUTTING

Welding is the most common way of permanently joining metal parts. In this process heat is applied to metal pieces, melting and fusing them to form a permanent bond. Because of its strength, welding is used in shipbuilding, automobile manufacturing and repair, aerospace applications, and thousands of other manufacturing activities. Welding is used to join beams when constructing buildings, bridges and other structures, to join pipes in pipelines, power plants, and refineries.

Welders use many types of welding equipment set up in a variety of positions, such as flat, vertical, horizontal and overhead. They may perform manual welding, in which the work is entirely controlled by the welder, or semiautomatic welding, in which the welder uses machinery, such as a wire feeder, to perform welding tasks.

There are about 100 different types of welding. Arc welding is the most common type. Standard arc welding involves two large alligator clips that carry a strong electrical current. One clip is attached to any part of the workpiece being welded. The second clip is connected to a thin welding rod. When the rod touches the workpiece, a powerful electrical circuit is created. The massive heat produced by the electrical current causes both the workpiece and the steel core of the rod to melt together, cooling quickly to form a solid bond. During welding, the flux that surrounds the rod’s core, vaporizes, forming an inert gas, that serves to protect the weld from atmospheric elements that might weaken it. Welding speed is important. Variations in speed can change the amount of flux applied, weakening the weld, or weakening the surrounding metal by increasing heat exposure.

Two common but advanced types of arc welding are Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) and Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding. TIG welding is often used with stainless steel or aluminum. While TIG uses welding rods, MIG uses a spool of continuously fed wire, which allows the welder to join longer stretches of metal without stopping to replace the rod. In TIG welding, the welder holds the welding rod in one hand and an electric torch in the other hand. The torch is used to simultaneously melt the rod and the workpiece. In MIG welding the welder holds the wire feeder, which functions like the alligator clip in arc welding. Instead of using gas flux surrounding the rod, TIG and MIG protect the initial weld from the environment by blowing inert gas onto the weld.

Like arc welding, soldering and brazing use molten metal to join two pieces of metal. However, the metal added during the process has a melting point lower than that of the work-piece, so only the added metal is melted, not the work-piece. Soldering uses metals with a melting point below 800º F (about 426ºC); brazing uses metals with a higher melting point. Because soldering and brazing do not melt the work-piece, these processes normally do not create the distortions or weaknesses in the work-piece that can occur with welding. Soldering is commonly used to join electrical, electronic and other small metal parts. Brazing produces a stronger joint than soldering does, and it is often used to join metals other than steel, such as brass. Brazing can also be used to apply coating to parts to reduce wear and protect against corrosion.

Skilled welding, soldering and brazing workers usually plan work from drawings or specifications or use their knowledge of fluxes and base metals to analyze the parts to be joined. These workers can select and set up welding equipment, execute the planned welds, and examine welds to ensure that they meet standards or specifications. They are even examining the weld while they are welding. By observing problems with the weld, they compensate by adjusting the speed, voltage, amperage, or feed of the rod. Highly skilled welders are often trained to work with a wide variety of materials in addition to steel, such as titanium, aluminum, or plastics. Some welders have more limited duties, however. They perform routine jobs that already have been planned and laid out and do not require extensive knowledge of welding techniques.

Automated welding is used in an increasing number of production processes. In these instances, a machine or robot performs welding tasks while monitored by a welding machine operator. Welding, soldering and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders follow specified layouts, work orders or blueprints. Operators must load parts correctly and constantly monitor the machine to ensure that it produces the desired bond.

The work of arc, plasma and oxy-gas cutters is closely related to that of welders. However, instead of joining metals, cutters use heat from an electric arc, a stream of ionized gas (plasma), or burning gases to cut and trim metal objects to specific dimensions. Cutters also dismantle large objects, such as ships, railroad cars, automobiles, buildings, or aircraft. Some operate and monitor cutting machines similar to those used by welding machine operators. Plasma cutting has been increasing in popularity because, unlike other methods, it can cut a wide variety of metals, including stainless steel, aluminum, and titanium.

Welding, soldering and brazing workers are often exposed to a number of hazards, including the intense light created by the arc, poisonous fumes, and very hot materials. They wear safety shoes, goggles, hoods with protective lenses and other devices designed to prevent burns and eye injuries and to protect them from falling objects. They normally work in well-ventilated areas to limit their exposure to fumes. Automated welding, soldering and brazing machine operators are not exposed to as many dangers, however, and a face shield or goggles usually provide adequate protection for these workers.

VOCABULARY

to weld – сваривать, варить

to melt – плавить(ся)

to fuse – сплавлять(ся)

to form a solid bond – образовать прочное\сплошное соединение

workpiece – (обрабатываемое) изделие